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Macaroni and cheese—also called mac and cheese in American English; macaroni pie in Caribbean English; and macaroni cheese in the United Kingdom, Australia,〔BBC, Recipes, (Macaroni cheese )〕 Canada, and New Zealand〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mama's Macaroni Cheese )〕—is a dish of English origin, consisting of cooked macaroni pasta and cheese, most commonly cheddar. It can also incorporate other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, meat and vegetables. Traditional macaroni and cheese is a casserole baked in the oven; however, it may be prepared in a sauce pan on top of the stove or using a packaged mix.〔 In the United States it is considered a comfort food. ==History== Pasta and cheese casseroles have been recorded as early as the 14th century in the Italian cookbook ''Liber de Coquina'', one of the oldest medieval cookbooks, which featured a dish of parmesan and pasta. A cheese and pasta casserole known as ''makerouns'' was recorded in the famous medieval English cookbook, the ''Forme of Cury'', which was also written in the 14th century. It was made with fresh, hand-cut pasta which was sandwiched between a mixture of melted butter and cheese. The recipe given (in Middle English) was "Take and make a thynne foyle of dowh. and kerve it on peces, and cast hem on boillyng water & seeþ it wele. take chese and grate it and butter cast bynethen and above as losyns. and serue forth." ("Make a thin foil of dough and cut it in pieces. Put them in boiling in water and seethe them well. Grate cheese and add it with butter beneath and above as with losyns (dish similar to lasagne ), and serve.") The first modern recipe for the dish was included in cookery writer Elizabeth Raffald's 1769 book, ''The Experienced English Housekeeper''. Raffald's recipe is for a Béchamel sauce with cheddar cheese—a Mornay sauce in French cooking—which is mixed with macaroni, sprinkled with Parmesan, and baked until bubbly and golden. The famous British Victorian cookbook ''Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management'' included two recipes for the dish. One recipe states that "The macaroni, (which should be "tender but perfectly firm, no part being allowed to melt, and the form entirely preserved" – lest one be tempted to cook it for so long it actually disintegrated) is then topped with more cheese, pepper and breadcrumbs, before receiving a final dose of melted butter for good measure and being placed before a "bright fire" to brown the crumbs, or grilled with a salamander broiler. In the United Kingdom, during the 2010s, it has seen a surge in popularity, becoming widespread as a meal and as a side order in both fast food and upmarket restaurants. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「macaroni and cheese」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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